Pharmaceutical pharmacokinetics studies what the body does and how it reacts to a drug while PD studies how the drug affects the body.
Pharmaceutical Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic Studies or PK / PD studies are techniques used in the study of pharmacology. Pharmacokinetic, commonly referred to as PK, is the study of what the body does and how it reacts to a drug. Conversely, pharmacodynamics, referred to as PD, is how the drug affects the body. PK and PD studies are commonly performed together as they both factor into the drug dosage, benefits, and negative side effects.
PK studies that look at how the body reacts to a drug commonly study how fast the body absorbs the drug, how it gets distributed throughout the body, whether or not the drug gets metabolized, and how quickly the body can or does eliminate it. PD studies that focus on how a drug interacts with the body look at the concentration of the drug concerning its effects on the body.
Pharmacokinetics is especially concerned with how the body absorbs a drug product and how the route it is administered through as well as the dose administered affect absorption. A common acronym for studying the time course of drug distribution that PK studies is LADME, which stands for liberation, which looks at the process of a drug product being released from its pharmaceutical state; absorption, which studies the process of how a substance enters the blood for circulation; distribution, how a substance disperses throughout the body; metabolism, the body’s recognition of a substance and the metabolites it creates in response; and excretion, the process of the body removing substances.
Pharmacodynamics is especially concerned with the relationship between the concentration of a drug and its effects on the body. PD pays close attention to the therapeutic window, or the amount of drug it takes to get an effect as well as the duration of action, or the length of time a drug is active in the body.
Test Requests for PK and PD Studies Received by Contract Laboratory
- Preclinical laboratory needed for toxicology, pharmacokinetic (PK), active ingredient (API), and side effect studies of a weight loss supplement.
- Preclinical pharmaceutical CRO is needed for a pharmacokinetic study and pK analysis in human plasma.
- FDA Preclinical laboratory Contract Research Organization CRO needed for in vivo (canine) toxicology and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) testing of cannabis.
- A pharmaceutical company running a clinical trial in Canada in early 2016 needs a Bioanalytical Laboratory for Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic PK/PD assays on the GyroLab and MSD technology platforms.
- USA Preclinical Laboratory needed for Non-GLP Preclinical Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic Study: Preclinical PK/PD NHP (cyno), 7-week study n=30, subcutaneous dosing, weekly serial bone marrow collection, whole blood and serum collection, and ability to perform FACS and Elispot, or alternatively provide lab space for us to do these assays.”
- Contract Research Organization CRO is needed for PK/PD studies to measure citrulline concentrations in animal plasma using MRM or another appropriate analytical technique.
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